Energetic and Economic Efficiency Evaluation of Solar Assisted Heating Systems for Multi-Family Houses
Abstract
For holistic efficiency evaluation of solar-assisted heating systems in multi-family houses common system designs are tested with hardware-in-the-loop measurements. The experimental results provide the basis for the subsequent energetic and economic efficiency analysis. A previously introduced efficiency measure called "central performance factor of the heating facility" (CPF) is used to evaluate energetic efficiency of the overall heating system. Using this measure it can be explained, how system designs comprising low heat distribution losses (e.g. 2-pipe heat distribution networks or an ultrafiltration module in the DHW circulation return flow) feature the highest CPF. Cost analysis show, however, that such designs incorporate elevated levelized cost of heat compared to the other systems under investigation. Carbon abatement cost are combining the energetic and economic evaluation into one parameter. The results show that concepts with a bivalent heat storage tank and a fresh water unit connected to a 4-pipe heat distribution network, are leading to the lowest carbon abatement cost, at a minimum value of 46 €/tCO2.