Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of a Low Temperature Solar Thermal Energy Conversion System
Abstract
Research and development work on Low Temperature Energy Conversion has great potential for harnessing waste heat and low energy density solar radiation. This has implications on improving plant thermal efficiencies and promoting recovery and utilization of waste energy otherwise conventionally regarded unusable. A low temperature solar thermal system typically uses flat plate and low concentrating collectors such as parabolic troughs. Such collectors are relatively simpler in construction, easier to operate owing to the absence of complex solar tracking equipment and therefore more suited to remote and rural outposts. Such systems operate within temperatures ranges below 300oC. This calls for changes to the conventional conversion systems and necessitates substituting the heat transfer and working fluids; a subject currently invoking immense research interests. This paper presents a mathematical model based on such a concept plant. The mathematical model is developed from in-depth analyses of energy balances and thermo-fluid dynamics at component, subsystem and system levels. Simulations are carried out by employing a combination of various computer software’s such as EEE (Engineering Equation Solver), F-chart and Polysun. Different configurations are considered by varying heat transfer fluids, working fluids and plant layouts. Results of the simulations are presented in the final paper. These results will inform the physical investigations that are to follow in the next stage of the research. Keywords: Low temperature, energy conversion, solar thermal, heat transfer fluid, working fluid, mathematical model, simulation