Real-Time Multiobjective Optimization in Solar Membrane Distillation Processes
Abstract
Solar Membrane Distillation (SMD) technology is a promising separation method that uses low-grade solar energy as power source. Despite this technology has not been industrially implemented yet, it is in an advanced phase of maturity so that current research works are mainly focused on the development of suitable operating strategies to improve the Membrane Distillation (MD) modules performance. The intermittent and unpredictable behavior of solar energy as well as the hybrid nature of SMD plants make the development of real-time operating strategies essential. Accordingly, this paper proposes a real-time multiobjective optimization method based on the combination of a state machine and a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) technique for the maximization of the distillate production and the thermal efficiency of the plant, two of the major impediments preventing the commercialization of SMD facilities. Simulation results and a comparison with a manual operating strategy are provided to evidence the benefits achieved with the proposed technique.