Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Abstract
The present work addresses the energy and economic impact that the incorporation of photovoltaic self-consumption (PV) in its form of surpluses received under compensation, within the framework of RD244 / 2019, will entail in public car parks that provide electric vehicle (EV) charging services. Presenting the different methodologies developed and integrated into a tool in charge of: statistically planning the number of parking spaces required for a given level of EV penetration based on historical data on individualized parking billing, estimating the energy demand related to charging at one-minute intervals statistically simulating a representative EV mobile fleet, and estimating the generation of a grid-connected photovoltaic installation taking into account different generation limiting effects (shadows, fouling plates, effect of ambient temperature, inverter performance). Finally, the billing module is described for facilities with an access rate of 3.0A under the self-consumption modality with compensated surpluses. Specifically, two photovoltaic generation scenarios are analyzed by installing a different number of PV canopies equipped with double charging points in mode 3 in a car park located in the center of Palma de Mallorca, taking into account the evolution of the levels penetration rate for the next 5 years. The results show how with low EV penetrations, such as 2.35%, the increases in demand and energy billing are relevant, reaching 45.82% and 34.39% respectively. While the different PV self-consumption scenarios will lead to significant reductions in the energy term and in the amount of the energy bill, reaching 29.74% and 20.08% respectively