The Future of Solar Integration: Towards Efficiency in Solar Design through Aesthetics, Optimisation and Customisability
Abstract
The efficient integration of photovoltaic (thermal) systems (PV(T)) within an increasingly dense urban fabric requires both technical optimisation and qualitative, formal innovation. However, the latter is often overlooked in technological developments; current PV(T) systems discourage a widespread implementation by stakeholders as these systems are perceived of having a poor formal quality. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide a new perspective for the development of the solar industry. Following a Research through Design methodology, this approach is examined firstly through the design and construction of a prototype unit, and secondly by a thermal and electrical evaluation of the solar design. The prototype unit, featuring a coloured solar façade with customised photovoltaic and thermal collectors, participated in the Solar Decathlon Europe 21/22 in Wuppertal, Germany. The key finding is that PV(T) systems ought to be considered as design elements or architectural building blocks rather than optimised technological systems. This holistic perspective to solar integration resulted from the essential collaboration between architect and engineer. In this way the formal potential of solar design within its production limitations is explored while meeting the technical requirements. Even more, solar design can be used to reach social objectives, as demonstrated in the prototype unit. The full potential of solar integration is, however, further to be explored. The formulated perspective can stimulate an alternative direction for both engineers and designers of the solar industry to work towards a net-zero built environment.