Recycling of Solar Panels: Challenges and Solutions for a Sustainable Future
Abstract
The growing adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has positioned it as a cornerstone of the global energy transition. However, the end-of-life phase of PV modules presents significant environmental and logistical challenges that require urgent and coordinated responses. This study investigates the recycling of solar panels within the Brazilian context, where regulatory frameworks specific to PV waste are still under development. PV modules are composed of materials such as glass, aluminum, silicon, and rare metals, which hold high economic and strategic value for the recycling industry. The research methodology includes a bibliographic review, an analysis of the European WEEE Directive, and case studies of the FREL process and automated disassembly systems, with particular attention to their potential adaptation to Brazil’s regulatory and infrastructural landscape. Furthermore, the study examines reverse logistics mechanisms and current waste management practices for PV systems in Brazil. The findings highlight the importance of implementing inclusive public policies, reinforcing accredited PV recycling centers, and adopting emerging technologies to promote environmental sustainability. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that effective recycling of PV modules is essential to ensure that the environmental impacts associated with waste do not offset the benefits of renewable energy deployment.
Keywords
Solar energy, Recycling, Sustainability, Waste management, Circular economy, Reverse logistics, Photovoltaic panels