Using Agrivoltaic Systems to Generate Income in Areas Susceptible to Desertification
Abstract
The transition to renewable energy sources presents unique challenges and opportunities, especially in arid regions that combine high solar radiation potential with socioeconomic vulnerabilities such as desertification and poverty. This article proposes and evaluates an 88 kWp agrivoltaic system model designed specifically for the conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The model integrates photovoltaic energy generation with subsistence agricultural production and a rainwater harvesting mechanism. The methodology includes the selection of priority locations using AHP-TOPSIS-2N multi-criteria analysis, the definition of a modular support structure that allows water harvesting, and the simulation of technical and financial performance using PVsyst software. The case study, centered on the municipality of Moraújo, demonstrates that the proposed system can generate a minimum monthly income of R$ 1,480 for a family of four, which is sufficient to lift them above the poverty line. The financial analysis reveals a positive cash flow from the first year of operation, validating the business model based on the leasing of generation assets for consumption by government units. The system has the potential to be scaled up to 494 similar projects, in line with the state government's energy demand. The results indicate that the agrivoltaic model is a synergistic and viable solution, transforming solar energy infrastructure into a key factor for sustainable socioeconomic development.
Keywords
Agrivoltaic, Desertification, Poverty, Government project, Multiple-criteria decision analysis