Hotspot Patterns in Photovoltaic Modules: Classification, Impacts and Monitoring Strategies

Santana, Vinicius Augusto Camatta, Cassini, Denio Alves, Kazmerski, Lawrence L., Diniz, Antonia Sônia A.C., Campos, Cláudio Dias, Bragra, Daniel Sena

ISES Solar World Congress 2025 · Fortaleza, Brazil · 2025-11-03
Published by International Solar Energy Society (ISES)
DOI: 10.18086/swc.2025.03.33

Abstract

This study evaluates hot spots in photovoltaic (PV) modules ground-mounted in PV power plants in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The paper emphasis is on fault characteristics identification and preventive detection. The visual inspection, infrared thermographic imaging, I-V curve measurements and electroluminescence analysis were employed as diagnostic methods. The results revealed that the hot spots were caused by polarization potentialinduced degradation (PID), microcracks, and shading effects. These findings highlight the importance of early detection to extend module lifespan and enhance the operational reliability of photovoltaic systems.

Keywords

Photovoltaic Modules, Hot Spots, Preventive Maintenance, Thermal Imaging, Reliability

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