Experimental Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules Under Standard Test Conditions: Evaluation of Bifaciality and Rear Irradiance Gain

Barboza, Amanda Gomes, Oliveira, Dayane Cynthia Pinto, Teixeira, Camila Fernanda Cardoso, de Sousa, Alan Rodrigues, Lopes, Nicholas Medeiros, Mendonça, João Vítor Fonseca, Emiliavaca, Samira de Azevedo Santos

ISES Solar World Congress 2025 · Fortaleza, Brazil · 2025-11-03
Published by International Solar Energy Society (ISES)
DOI: 10.18086/swc.2025.03.29

Abstract

Bifacial photovoltaic systems have gained prominence in Brazil due to their higher efficiency and ability to harness reflected solar radiation. Unlike monofacial modules, they generate energy from both the front and rear sides. This study carried out the experimental characterization of ten bifacial monocrystalline silicon modules under standard test conditions (STC), evaluating electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and maximum power. Electroluminescence (EL) tests were performed to identify microcracks and cell defects. The I-V and P-V curves were obtained for both sides, allowing the calculation of the bifaciality factor and the additional power gain (BiFi). The results showed an average bifaciality factor of 70%, consistent with the manufacturer’s data. It was observed that the performance of the rear side depends on the incident irradiance and installation conditions. The modules demonstrated structural integrity and compliance with regulatory standard IEC 60904-1-2. The study reinforces the importance of independent testing to ensure technical reliability. The rear-side gain was quantified under different irradiance levels, highlighting the additional energy potential. The experimental characterization contributes to the design of more efficient and reliable bifacial photovoltaic systems.

Keywords

Bifacial module, Bifaciality, Electroluminescence, Maximum Power, Photovoltaic

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