Performance Analysis and Diagnosis of a Photovoltaic Module With Spontaneous Cracking

Lopes, Nicholas Medeiros, Teixeira, Camila Fernanda Cardoso, de Sousa, Alan Rodrigues, Oliveira, Dayane Cynthia Pinto, Barboza, Amanda Gomes, Emiliavaca, Samira de Azevedo Santos, Mendonça, João Vítor Fonseca, Amorim, Ana Cleide Bezerra, Neri, João Carlos Lira

ISES Solar World Congress 2025 · Fortaleza, Brazil · 2025-11-03
Published by International Solar Energy Society (ISES)
DOI: 10.18086/swc.2025.03.49

Abstract

The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules is a key factor in ensuring the long-term efficiency and safety of power plant operations. Spontaneous glass cracks have recently been observed in bifacial silicon modules, though their causes and long-term implications remain unclear. In this study, a cracked monocrystalline silicon bifacial module was analyzed through standard test conditions (STC) performance evaluation, electroluminescence (EL) imaging, and insulation resistance testing, following IEC 61215-2 procedures. Results showed that the module maintained electrical performance consistent with manufacturer specifications, while EL images revealed no evident microcracks or inactive cell regions. Insulation resistance values were within acceptable limits, confirming electrical safety. Although no immediate degradation was detected, the glass cracks may compromise long-term reliability by enabling moisture ingress, promoting hot spot formation, and causing gradual loss of insulation integrity over time.

Keywords

bifacial module, performance STC, eletroluminescence, cracks

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