Performance Assessment of Solar Off-grid Light Poles Using Second-life Batteries
Abstract
The expected number of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles in the coming years presents environmental challenges and sustainable reuse opportunities. This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating second-life Nissan Leaf batteries into off-grid solar light poles as a low-cost, efficient storage solution. Six hybrid systems were deployed in Florianópolis, Brazil, combining photovoltaic modules, LED lights, and MPPT controllers with 6S2P battery packs. Electrical characterization—capacity, internal resistance, SoC, and SoH—was used to select compatible modules and ensure safe operation. Real-time monitoring demonstrated system stability, even under varying solar conditions. Results show that the slightly oversized battery configuration allows for good performance even on cloudy days. It also limits the depth of discharge, thus extending battery lifespan. The findings support the adoption of second-life batteries in decentralized lightning, promoting circular economy practices and access to clean energy.
Keywords
Second-life batteries, Off-grid systems, Photovoltaic, Lithium-ion, Circular economy.