Performance of a 200 Kwh Energy Storage System With First and Second Life Lithium-ion Batteries
Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of a 200-kWh energy storage system composed of two lithium-ion battery banks: one using first-life modules and the other assembled from second-life modules recovered from electric vehicles. Both subsystems were tested under similar operating conditions to compare round-trip efficiency, voltage behavior, and usable capacity. The second-life bank presented a high average round-trip efficiency of 96% over ten cycles, despite internal resistance, cell voltage differences, and PCS voltage constraints limiting its effective capacity. Compared to the first-life system, which showed higher current capability and tighter cell voltage uniformity, the second-life modules remained technically viable but underperformed in usable energy due to integration constraints. Results highlight key technical barriers and optimization opportunities for a reliable and cost effective second-life battery deployment in commercial on-grid storage.
Keywords
Second-life batteries, energy storage, performance analysis.