Multi-criteria optimization and control of solar-to-hydrogen conversion using silicon heterojunction PV and PEM electrolyzer coupling
Abstract
Efficient coupling of photovoltaic (PV) systems with Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers is key for scalable hydrogen production. This study introduces a dynamic electrical control algorithm for advanced PV and water electrolysis technologies, particularly silicon heterojunction (SHJ) and PEM cells. The algorithm reconfigures electrical connection of SHJ-PV arrays hourly, due to available data, to mimic MPPT behavior without additional converters. By adjusting parallel connections to the PEM stack, it adapts to real-world conditions variability better than static electrical control methods. Single and multi-objective optimizations improve solar-to-hydrogen (StH) efficiency and minimize energy losses. The dynamic approach enhances hydrogen yield while reducing system complexity. SHJ-PV arrays show better electrical coupling than conventional monocrystalline silicon. This method enables cost-effective, high-efficiency integration of SHJ PV-PEM systems. The innovation supports robust, solar-powered hydrogen systems.
Keywords
Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells, Dynamic electrical reconfiguration, PEM electrolyzer, Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, Energy optimization management.