Technical and Economic Evaluation of Implementing a Photovoltaic Power Plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Fixed Structure vs. Solar Tracker Systems
Abstract
The transition to renewable energy sources has been driven by environmental concerns and the pursuit of greater energy security. In this context, solar photovoltaic energy stands out for its modularity, broad geographic applicability, and recent cost reductions. This study conducts a comparative technical and economic evaluation of two structural configurations for a photovoltaic plant located in the city of Iguaba Grande, RJ (Brazil): one with a fixed structure and the other with a tracker system. The analysis considers performance parameters, investment and operating costs, as well as financial indicators such as Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and discounted payback period. The results show that the system with a tracker presents higher energy generation and net revenue, while the fixed structure demonstrates slightly more favorable financial indicators due to lower total capital expenditure (CAPEX). It is also observed that the LCOE of the tracker system is higher, reflecting the increased operational and structural costs. It is concluded that configuration selection must balance energy efficiency and economic viability, and that both alternatives are technically feasible for the studied location.
Keywords
Photovoltaic, systems, fixed structure, solar tracker, technical-economic evaluation