Modeling and Analysis of PV Module Faults in Grid-Connected Systems Using Matlab/SIMULINK Under Real Weather Conditions
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) systems have undergone rapid global expansion, accounting for a 30% increase in electricity generation by 2024 (IEA, 2025). Despite this growth, PV plants remain highly susceptible to performance degradation caused by harsh environmental conditions and insufficient maintenance, leading to electrical faults and reduced efficiency. This paper presents a detailed MATLAB/Simulink-based model developed to simulate and analyze fault behavior in a 150 kW grid-connected PV system under real meteorological conditions. To isolate the impact of DC-side disturbances, the inverter stage is modeled using ideal voltage sources, eliminating switching and control effects. Four representative fault scenarios were simulated to generate time-domain profiles of key electrical parameters, voltage, current, and power, enabling the identification of distinctive dynamic signatures for each fault type. The analysis provides insights into system response under abnormal conditions and supports the development of predictive maintenance and diagnostic strategies aimed at improving operational reliability and overall PV system performance.
Keywords
Photovoltaic fault diagnosis, Grid-connected PV systems, MATLAB/Simulink modeling, Fault analysis and simulation, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)